Livelihood security and its determinants among farmers during COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana, India

With COVID-19 outbreak globally several studies on livelihoods and food systems are conducted in consistent manner. India being an agrarian economy, the impact of pandemic on agricultural sector and farmers needs a great focus. The present exploratory study on Livelihood security (LS) was carried out in Telangana, India among Suryapet and Rangareddy districts purposively with 160 respondents selected through multistage random sampling during 2021. Livelihood Security Index was used with 7 sub-indicators and it depicted that only one sub-indicator i.e., economic security contributing less than 50% to LS and majority of the respondents have moderate level of livelihood security (42.5%) with overall mean value of 0.628. The determinants of LS were identifi ed through Multivariate regression analysis model and found 14 predictors were fitted in model responsible for 62.8% variance in the dependent variable (LS). The regression model revealed that Family size, educational years, Livestock holding, Social Participation, annual family income, mass media exposure, and Risk orientation were most aided predictor variables in the improvement of livelihood security during COVID-19 with educational years having greater beta-value. R2 standardized linear graph was plotted against the LS and the significant predictor value demonstrating the distribution of respondents over graph according to their livelihood security with R2 linear value 0.606. Thus, during COVID-19 more livelihood options for diversification of income can aid in increase of LS. The present study concluded by suggesting policy implications to ensure livelihood security among farming communities during pandemic.

TOWARD THE EFFETENESS FOR USING THE SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATION WITH ACCEPTABLE LEVEL OF PRIVACY IN SAUDI COMMUNITY: Quantitative Case Study

Social media represent one of the primary outcome of the digital economy revolution. It represents the fundamental aspects for communication between individuals by using the systems that helps to facilitate the lifestyle of developed societies. In contrast, with the spread of the Corona pandemic, which prompted societies and companies alike to take advantage of social communication technologies to fill the gap that occurs as a result of precautionary measures taken by many countries to limit the spread of infection. However, many users believes that their data and information in their device become accessible by these applications, which threatens the of trust and privacy significantly for these applications. Thus, it might affects the dealing of user and these applications. Therefore, the study's question is what the basic requirements that should be provided at last to be available in social media applications to increase the level of acceptance for the users. A quantitative sample is collected from different ages and educational levels from Saudi Arabia to design the integrated approach that helps to increase the level of trust and use of social media applications appropriately for the individual and organizational level. This study is considered a way to increase the use of social applications, which represent one of the most key features of digital transformation that can be lead the contemporary digital economy.